The “4th Symposium on Strengthening Historical Artifacts and Safe Transfer to the Future”, which our Istanbul Branch has been organizing on behalf of our Chamber and has been preparing for a long time, was held on 27-29 November 2013 in Istanbul with the participation of many academicians, scientists and civil engineers.
Seven invited speakers and 33 presenters made presentations at the symposium. In the Symposium, where all aspects of how to fully transfer the historical heritage inherited from the past to future generations were evaluated, topics such as appropriate techniques used in the repair and strengthening of cultural assets, exemplary practices and structural earthquake safety were discussed. In the Symposium, where scientists and practitioners working in this field were brought together, the ways and methods of how the historical buildings of our country, which is an earthquake geography and also has a rich historical heritage, should be protected against earthquake risk were also discussed.
The Symposium held at ITU Süleyman Demirel Cultural Center was attended by IMO Board Treasurer Nevzat Ersan, IMO Board Member Cihat Mazmanoğlu, IMO Istanbul Branch Board Members and some Branch Chairmen and Board Members, IMO Secretary General Ayşegül Doğruci Suna, Symposium Organizer. Board, Scientific and Advisory Board Members and many members attended.
The symposium started with the opening speeches. At the opening ceremony, Nevzat Ersan, IMO Istanbul Branch Chairman Cemal Gökçe, Symposium Organizing Committee Co-Chairman Prof. Dr. Zeynep Ahunbay, Ministry of Tourism and Culture Istanbul Surveying and Monuments General Director Salman Ünlügedik and CHP Istanbul Deputy Prof. Dr. Haluk Eğidoğan took the floor.
Nevzat Ersan started his speech by thanking the Organizing Board, Scientific and Advisory Board Members, IMO Istanbul Branch Board members and employees who contributed to the preparation of the symposium. Stating that the symposium aims to establish historical transfer from ancient times to the future on solid foundations, Ersan noted that IMO regularly organizes technical and scientific events related to professional sub-disciplines and its aim is to draw the attention of public authorities to the subject.
Referring to the mission of the engineering profession in history in his speech, Ersan stated that civil engineering is a profession at least as old as human history, and that it creates and makes visible civilizations. Ersan stated that social, cultural and economic features emphasize the abstract side of civilizations, while structures point to the concrete side of civilizations.
Emphasizing that earthquakes pose a great risk in terms of preserving historical monuments and transferring them to the future, Ersan noted that earthquakes are a danger that destroys the contribution of civil engineers to historical development. Stating that earthquakes cause great damage not only to people but also to the economy, social life and historical accumulation, Nevzat Ersan said, “Today, we will discuss here to eliminate the damage to the structures that reflect the historical accumulation, to increase the durability of the structures that have preserved themselves, and to transfer the monumental structures built in recent history to the future in accordance with their design.” “Each building to be discussed in the symposium will trigger historical awareness, cause sensitivity about historical buildings, and will contribute to the formation of a culture of protecting history and buildings that reflect historical development,” he said.
Ersan: almost everything, including religious buildings, is sacrificed for shopping malls
Ersan, who also criticized the lack of importance given to the historical and cultural heritage of Istanbul in his speech, said, “Istanbul is the picture of Turkey itself, of Anatolia. How clear is this picture, how protected is it? Istanbul, which has an important place in the symposiums we have held since 2007 “To what extent have we been able to preserve ‘s historical heritage? We will seek answers to these questions, but we know that we cannot say that historical monuments are given the importance they deserve, that they are protected, and that they have created enough space for themselves both conceptually, both in the public administration and at the social level,” he said.
Providing suggestions for the solution of the problem, Ersan said that what needs to be done is clear. Stating that the first step should be an inventory of historical values, Ersan stated that the second step is to initiate conservation, strengthening and restoration works.
In his speech, Ersan also criticized the opening of cultural structures to the use of capital groups. Noting that historical monuments and all values belonging to the city have been opened to the use of national and international capital groups, and that almost everything, including religious buildings, has been sacrificed for shopping malls, Ersan said, “Our cultural heritage, which sometimes constitutes an obstacle for the construction of these structures, is being destroyed for the sake of profit, and the duty to protect these structures is “Preservation boards are regulated by omnibus laws. Is this how we should protect our cultural heritage?” asked.
Gökçe: Projects are being competed instead of urban planning
IMO Istanbul Branch President Cemal Gökçe started his speech by drawing attention to Turkey’s geographical location, historical past and the rich historical heritage it has hosted throughout history.
Touching on the importance of securing cultural assets by protecting them from earthquakes and other environmental effects, Gökçe pointed out that it is difficult to protect cultural assets in countries where democracy and participatory management approach are not fully established.
Touching on the importance of considering and planning cities as a whole, protecting these values and transferring them to the future, Gökçe stated that it is necessary to renew a significant part of the building stock in cities, and that the issue of urban renewal is not addressed as a holistic urban planning, but rather on a spatial scale. He underlined that considering it at this level is far from common sense, aesthetics, livability and aiming for a sustainable life. Gökçe said, “Frankly, a rent-oriented order that takes into account the interests of groups and individuals is unfortunately becoming equivalent to the concept of urban transformation. In the urban renewal and transformation process carried out in this context, the understanding of planning, principles of earthquake protection, urban rights, property rights and “Not forgetting human rights should also be a priority issue. However, with new housing constructions and urban transformation practices in our country, housing areas are shrinking, plans are falling apart, cultural heritage is being destroyed, urban temperatures are increasing, and the ecosystem is deteriorating.” said.
Stating that the earthquake was brought to the agenda with the ‘destroy-build’ approach – a contractor approach -, that there was a differentiation in the perspective of urban space with the turn from industrial capitalism to financial capitalism, and that cities have now entered a period of vertical growth instead of horizontal development, Gökçe argued that the legal system has also been adapted to this. . Reminding that first the constructions were carried out, then the construction projects and finally the feasibility studies, he said, “Projects are being competed instead of urban planning.”
Gökçe pointed out the importance of discussing appropriate techniques used in the repair and strengthening of cultural assets, as well as sample practices and structural earthquake safety, at the symposium, and pointed out that it would be important to help raise the awareness of civil engineers and architects, as well as other professionals, bureaucracy and other stakeholders at management levels. pulled.
Zeynep Ahunbay said, “It is a collection of scientific research and practices carried out by academics, practicing organizations and professionals in many historical areas outside Istanbul, such as Afyon, Ankara, Antalya, Amasya, Bursa, Edirne, Erzurum, Izmir, Izmit, Cappadocia, Kemaliye, Niğde.” “It is important to see and evaluate it from time to time. The project and its implementation regarding the restoration of the Drina Bridge, built by Sokollu Mehmet Pasha in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is remarkable as an effort extending abroad to protect Turkey’s universal cultural heritage.” said.
Emphasizing the interdisciplinary aspect of the conservation issue and noting that civil engineers undertake important responsibilities in solving especially the structural problems of historical buildings, Ahunbay said, “However, civil engineers can only become acquainted with international conservation theory and principles during their graduate education. Symposiums like this are very important in terms of information sharing in this sense.” ” he said.
Stating that he attended the Symposium on behalf of the Minister of Culture and Tourism, Ömer Çelik, Salman Ünlügedik stated that there are approximately 38 thousand registered buildings. Pointing out the difficulties in the conservation works in Istanbul being handled solely by the Ministry, Ünlügedik stated that various works for immovable cultural assets such as Hagia Sophia and Topkapı Palace are still ongoing, and added that there is still no holistic conservation project even for these structures.
Haluk Eyidoğan pointed out that the government does not have a holistic conservation master plan to protect historical structures and textures. Stating that he submitted a parliamentary question regarding the Grand Bazaar, one of the important symbols of Istanbul, Eyidoğan stated that the Grand Bazaar is in a very bad condition in terms of static, earthquake resistance and architectural features, from its roof to its ceiling and its eroded walls. Referring to the decision of the Istanbul Provincial General Assembly to change the name of Yassıada to “Island of Democracy and Freedom”, Eyidoğan reminded the principles of the European Urban Charter and said that the condition for success in solving all kinds of problems in cities depends on being in dialogue with individuals and NGOs.
Papers were presented in nine sessions
The first session of the symposium was moderated by Cemal Gökçe. In this session, Invited Speaker Zeynep Ahunbay gave information about “The Importance of Interdisciplinary Studies in the Protection of Our Cultural Heritage”. Ahunbay stated that in Turkey, a copy made in place of a historical building or work is seen as a success, and that the meaning of preserving historical buildings and works is to preserve the essence of the work, and that copies of historical buildings and works cannot be more than models, and added: “Unfortunately, when copies are made in Turkey, this is called success.” ” said. Giving information about Contemporary Conservation Theory and International Monuments and Site Protection Regulations, Ahunbay gave many examples of works from various regions in Turkey, such as “Tokat Gök Madrasa, Mardin Kale Mosque, Mimar Sinan’s Uzunkemer Bridge and Büyükçekmece Caravanserai”, and noted many of the examples. He underlined that the maintenance of historical monuments and buildings is neglected, as is the case with historical buildings. Ahunbay said, “For example, Mimar Sinan’s Uzunkemer was left neglected for a long time.” Stating that there are many wooden and original historical buildings in Turkey, Ahunbay pointed out that these wooden buildings lost their texture and originality because the necessary care was not given during the restorations.
In this session, after the paper presentation titled “Approaches for Strengthening Monumental Buildings in the Early Republic Period” prepared by Burcu Selcen Coşkun-Demet Binan, the paper titled “Evaluation of Restoration Works Carried out in Cappadocia Rock Carved Churches” prepared by Bilal Bilgili-Gülsün Tanyeli was presented.
The second session was moderated by Hasan Boduroğlu. In this session, a paper titled “Repair and Strengthening Methods in Historical Buildings, Detailed Solutions” was presented by Invited Speaker Feridun Çılı. Additionally, “Historical Stone Bridges in Meriç, Tunca, Ergene and Their Branches” prepared by Ahmet Alkan-Yalçın Özdemir-Yalçın Arısoy, “Fundamental Construction of Nur-u Osmaniye Mosque” prepared by Ömer Dabanlı-Feridun Çılı-Yegân Kâhya, Damla Acar-Deniz Papers titled “Construction Systems of Wooden Mansions Built After the 1894 Earthquake – Yıldız Palace Efendiler’s Mansions Example” prepared by Mazlum and “Examination of Civil Architecture Sample Buildings in Görükle Village, Bursa in Terms of Construction Techniques” prepared by Özlem Köprülü Bağbancı-Elif Acar Bilgin were presented. .
The third session was moderated by Fevziye Aköz. In this session, invited speaker Kutay Özaydın took part in his paper titled “Damages Caused by the Ground in Historical Artifacts and Suggestions for Appropriate Intervention” and presented his paper titled “Use of Spectroscopic Methods (FTIR-ATR) in Examining the Structure of Wood” prepared by Nural Yılgör.
The fourth session was moderated by Nadide Seçkin. In this session, Yegan Kahya was the invited speaker with a paper titled “Evaluations on the Use of Materials in the Protection of Cultural Assets”. In this session, “General Evaluation on the Mechanical Properties of Lime Mortar-Brick System of Existing Masonry Historical Buildings in Istanbul” prepared by Bekir Yılmaz Pekmezci-Fatih Güler-Egemen Arabacı-Burak Yorulmaz, “A 19th Century Anatolian Church” prepared by Ömer Dabanlı-Ahmet Ersen Papers titled “Material Characterization and Conservation Recommendations: Niğde Armenian Church” and “Mechanical Properties of Lime Mortars Containing PVA and PP Fiber” prepared by Erman Yiğit Tuncel-Işıl Polat Pekmezci-Bekir Yılmaz Pekmezci were included.
The fifth session was chaired by Uğur Ersoy. In this session, the invited speaker Mustafa Erdik presented a paper titled “Earthquake Reinforcement of Hagia Irene Church Museum”. Additionally, “Structural Investigation of Historical Mosques: Mimar Sinan Mosques” prepared by G. Çağıl Köseoğlu, “Structural Systems of Wooden Minarets and the Example of Zıbıncı Mosque” prepared by Mehmet Selim Ökten-Cem Haydaroğlu-Burcu Balaban Ökten-Bahadır Bozdağ, Ayşe Kopuz-Ömür Sepetçi Papers titled “Earthquake Behavior of the Buildings in the Great Synagogue Building Complex in Edirne Kaleiçi” prepared by A.Ş. were included.
The sixth session was moderated by Alper İlki. In this session, the invited speaker Tuğrul Tankut presented a paper titled “On the Strengthening of Historical Buildings”. In this session, “Izmir, Hagia Vukolos Church Structural Problems and Restoration Applications” prepared by Başak İpekoğlu-Funda Yaka Çetin-Kerem Şerifaki, “Historical Gemlik Pasha Mansion Restoration and Strengthening Works” prepared by M. Bilal Bağbancı, Taner Hergüner-Nurdan Apaydın- Pınar The papers titled “Restoration Works Conducted within the Scope of Repair and Strengthening Works on the Tunca Historical Bridge Located in Edirne City Center” prepared by Gök were included.
The seventh session was chaired by Cihat Mazmanoğlu. In this session, Cem Oğuz-Fikret Türker-N. “Determination of Material Properties of Bricks and Mortars Used in the Roman Period Bath in Myra” prepared by Uğur Koçkal, Serhan Ulukaya-Nabi Yüzer-A. “Examination of Test Methods Applied in the Identification of Lime Mortars in Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman Building Examples” prepared by Binnaz Hazar Yoruç, “Erzurum Hatuniye (Double Minareli) Madrasa and Investigation of its Material Properties” prepared by Fevziye Aköz-Nadide Seçkin-Nabi Yüzer, Dilek Ekşi Akbulut- Papers titled “Features of Earthen Materials Used in Roof and Wall Establishments of Traditional Kemaliye (Eğin) Houses” prepared by Ezgi Korkmaz -Burak Yolcu-Mehmet Berilgen were included.
The eighth session was chaired by Özkan Şengül. As an invited speaker in this session
Halide Sert was present with the declaration “Restoration Project and Implementation Works Carried out on the Historical Sokullu Mehmet Pasha Bridge on the Drina River in Bosnia-Herzegovina”.
In this session, “A General Material and Structural Performance Evaluation on Some Works of Architect Kemalettin in Istanbul” prepared by Selen Ekinci-Tuğrul Turan-Bekir Yılmaz Pekmezci-Işıl Polat Pekmezci-Burak Yorulmaz-Sait Dusak, Nejat Bayülke-Oktay Bozkurt-Fikret Papers titled “Calibration of Mechanical Properties of Historical Buildings with Dynamic Measurement Results” prepared by Kuran were included.
The ninth session was chaired by Faruk Karadoğan. In this session, “Earthquake Damages and Suggestions for the Protection of the Backgammon (Barn) Structure in Kocaeli Çuhane Area” prepared by Elif Özlem Aydın-Cahide Aydın İpekçi-Aynur Destek Kaşıkara, “Current Situation of Atik Valide Social Complex Column Capitals” prepared by Turgut Kocatürk-Oğuz Ceylan-Abdullah Aslan. and Repairs”, “Evaluation of the Injection Method (Grouting) Used in the Repair of Historical Buildings” prepared by Didem Oktay-Nabi Yüzer, “Textile Reinforced Mortar for Historical Brick Walls” prepared by Pelin Elif Mezrea-İrem Ayşe Yılmaz-Medine İspir-İhsan Engin Bal-Alper İlki Declarations titled “Strengthening with (TRM)” were included.
Following the sessions, the Symposium continued with the Panel-Forum on “Legislation and Protection Principles”. In the Panel-Forum, chaired by Zeynep Ahunbay, Tuğrul Tankut (ODTÜ), Yegan Kahya (İTÜ), Halide Sert (KGM Artistic Structures Department Historical Bridges Branch Manager), Salman Ünlügedik (Ministry of Culture and Tourism Cultural Heritage Museums General Directorate) Directorate), Kazım Gökhan Elgin (İSMEP Director) attended as a speaker.
Click to view the Proceedings Book of the 4th Symposium on Strengthening Historical Artifacts and Safely Transferring them to the Future.